Zigbee is a low-power, short-range wireless mesh networking protocol commonly used for sensors and actuators.

• Soil moisture sensors
• Tank level sensors
• Flow meters
• Relay modules and valve actuators
• Local environmental monitoring devices

• Sensor/Actuator → Field Controller
• Optional Field → Farm Controller bridging

• Low energy consumption
• Mesh networking increases range
• Suitable for battery-powered sensors
• Mature ecosystem

• Mesh instability must not compromise safety-critical logic
• Field Controller must handle sensor timeout and fallback logic
• Sensor failures must trigger safe fallback states
• All readings must be timestamped and logged