====== Electrical & Power Control Interfaces ======

AOFS defines the electrical and power control architecture to **safely operate pumps, valves, and irrigation loads** under any power source.  
It is designed to **ensure fail-safe operation, energy efficiency, and compliance with AOFS standards**, independent of whether the farm uses grid, generator, or solar power.

===== 1. Core Power Principles =====
  * AOFS is **power-source agnostic**: it works with grid, generator, solar, or hybrid systems.
  * Controllers must enforce **fail-safe operation** for irrigation and actuation regardless of the power source.
  * Systems must support **safe shutdowns** in case of power anomalies or failures.
  * AOFS may track **energy consumption of pumps and actuators** to support optional logging, reporting, and operator awareness. **Recommended for off-grid or weak-grid farms, but not required** for farms with stable grid power.

===== 2. Optional Solar Integration =====
AOFS supports optional solar monitoring for farms that want to optimize energy usage:

  * **Level 1 – Minimal Monitoring (Recommended for off-grid / weak-grid farms)**
    * Field Controllers may monitor battery voltage and current.
    * Supports reliable irrigation operation when solar/battery power is used.
    * Fully optional for farms with stable grid or generator power.

  * **Level 2 – Integrated Monitoring (Optional Advanced Module)**
    * Controllers can read solar generation metrics from panels/inverters via standard protocols (e.g., Modbus, MQTT, RS485).
    * Enables dynamic irrigation scheduling based on energy availability.
    * Supports advanced PUE analytics and reporting.
    * Completely optional — AOFS compliance does **not depend** on it.

===== 3. Optional Energy-Aware Operation =====

  * AOFS controllers **may** measure power consumption of pumps, valves, and other actuators while running.
  * Controllers **may** estimate battery drain or energy availability for upcoming scheduled irrigation events.
  * AOFS supports **event prioritization**:
    * Each scheduled irrigation or actuator event can be assigned an **urgency or importance level** by operators.
    * If insufficient energy is available:
      * Low-priority events can be **delayed or skipped**.
      * High-priority events are executed **as soon as sufficient energy is available**.
      * Optional alerts notify operators of skipped or delayed events.
  * AOFS can provide **proactive scheduling guidance** (optional):
    * When the operator attempts to schedule an irrigation or actuator event, the system **may simulate expected energy usage and availability**.
    * The controller can then **warn the operator**: "Based on current energy estimates, you will most likely not have enough power for this event."
    * Operators may then adjust **priority, timing, or load** before committing the schedule.
  * AOFS can provide **real-time anomaly detection** (optional):
    * If an event starts drawing **more power than usual**, the controller can alert operators.
    * Examples include:
      * Clogged pipes increasing pump load.
      * Valves partially stuck or leaking.
      * Unexpected actuator malfunction.
    * Provides actionable insight so operators can **investigate, correct issues, or adjust schedules**.
  * All energy measurements, prioritization decisions, anomaly alerts, and resulting operational logs **may be recorded** for later analysis:
    * Enables visualization of energy usage and event execution history.
    * Helps operators determine if **additional batteries, solar panels, or load rescheduling** are needed.


===== 4. Optional Generator Integration =====

AOFS supports optional generator-based backup to supplement energy supply for irrigation and other actuator events.  

  * **Automatic Generator Start (Optional)**  
    * If a compatible generator with remote start/stop interface is available, the system **may automatically start** it when energy is insufficient for scheduled events.  
    * Remote interfaces can include: relay, Modbus, CAN, or other compatible protocols.  
    * Automatic start **requires safety interlocks**:
      * Prevent start during maintenance.  
      * Prevent overload or dry-run conditions.  
    * All starts/stops are logged for audit and analysis.  

  * **Manual Alert Generator Start (Optional)**  
    * If a generator exists but cannot be automatically started, AOFS can **alert operators** when battery or energy is insufficient.  
    * Example alert: "Warning: scheduled irrigation may fail. Turn on generator now!"  
    * Operators can then **manually start** the generator.  
    * The system continues to monitor energy availability and advise operators on priority and schedule adjustments.  

  * **Integration with Event Prioritization**  
    * Both automatic and manual generator options respect **event urgency**.  
    * Low-priority irrigation can be delayed, while high-priority events trigger generator use.  
    * Energy logs and operator actions are **recorded** to support farm management decisions and future optimization.  

  * **Optional Analytics**  
    * Tracks generator runtime, energy supplied, and efficiency.  
    * Helps farm managers decide if **additional batteries, solar panels, or load rescheduling** are needed.


===== 5. Implementation Guidelines =====
  * AOFS compliance does **not require any specific power source, monitoring, or energy-aware operation**.
  * Optional monitoring modules should follow AOFS **data logging and offline-first principles**.
  * All controllers and modules, regardless of power source, **must enforce local fail-safes** for pumps, valves, and critical irrigation operations.