Afritic Open Farming Standard

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====== AOFS Communication Protocols & Standards ======

AOFS systems rely on **robust, flexible communication protocols** to connect Field, Farm, and HQ controllers, as well as sensors and actuators.  
Protocols are selected based on **range, power requirements, reliability, and operational constraints**  

===== 1. Overview =====

  * Communication is **layered**:
    * **Field Controller Layer:** short-range, low-power, real-time sensor and actuator connectivity
    * **Farm Controller Layer:** aggregation, supervisory control, and moderate-range communication
    * **HQ / Federated Layer:** long-range, optional cloud or networked data aggregation and research integration
  * Protocols are **optional, configurable, and modular**
  * All protocols must **respect AOFS principles**:
    * Offline-first operation
    * Safety-critical logic cannot be overridden remotely
    * Actions are auditable and logged

===== 2. Recommended Protocols =====

  * [[protocols:mqtt:start|MQTT]] – lightweight publish/subscribe messaging for telemetry and asynchronous updates
  * [[protocols:amqp:start|AMQP]] – robust messaging with guaranteed delivery, suitable for HQ/Farm Controller links
  * [[protocols:zigbee:start|Zigbee]] – low-power mesh networks for local sensors and actuators
  * [[protocols:lora:start|LoRa / LoRaWAN]] – long-range, low-power communication suitable for large farms and sparse sensor deployments
  * [[protocols:z-wave:start|Z-Wave]] – low-power mesh for home/farm automation devices and actuators
  * [[protocols:enocean:start|EnOcean]] – energy-harvesting wireless sensors and switches


===== 3. Layer Mapping Guidance =====

  * **Field Controller Layer**
    * Zigbee, Z-Wave, EnOcean for sensor/actuator connectivity
    * MQTT for telemetry aggregation to Farm Controller
  * **Farm Controller Layer**
    * MQTT or AMQP for Field→Farm aggregation
    * Optional Zigbee/Z-Wave for direct sensor integration
  * **HQ / Federated Layer**
    * MQTT or AMQP for data sync
    * Optional internet-based services for forecasting, optimization, and research integration

===== 4. Notes & Best Practices =====

  * AOFS does **not mandate a specific protocol**; multiple protocols may coexist
  * Protocol selection should consider **latency, reliability, power, and range**
  * Offline-first principle: all safety-critical functions **must function without network connectivity**
  * Optional online connections (e.g., for forecasts, research data) must **never override safety-critical rules**
  * Protocols should be **auditable and loggable** to maintain operational traceability
Afritic Open Farming Standard

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