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--- sensors:start [2026/01/21 21:10] – bsamuel
+++ sensors:start [2026/01/22 22:07] (current) – [5. Water / Water Energy Monitoring] bsamuel
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Measuring, Monitoring & Documentation Systems ======
-The **Sensors Layer** defines all devices and measurement systems used by AOFS controllers to monitor irrigation, energy usage, water distribution, and environmental conditions.
+The **Sensors Layer** defines all devices and documentation systems used by AOFS controllers to ensure **safe operation, authoritative control, and auditable farm management**.
 All AOFS-compliant deployments **must implement the sensors and documentation systems specified here**.
-===== 1. Sensor Categories =====
+===== 1. Sensor Layer Scope & Authority =====
-AOFS uses four main sensor categories:
+AOFS sensors are classified by **operational authority**, not by technology type.
-  - **Soil Monitoring Sensors**
+Sensor inputs fall into four functional roles:
-  - **Water Monitoring Sensors**
-  - **Power / Energy Sensors**
-  - **Optical / Camera Monitoring Systems**
----
+  * **Safety enforcement** (prevent damage or loss)
+  * **Authoritative control inputs** (drive irrigation decisions)
+  * **Documentation & audit**
+  * **Optimization & research**
-===== 2. Soil Monitoring Sensors =====
+AOFS controllers **must never depend on remote systems** to interpret or validate sensor data.
-**Purpose:** Measure soil conditions to optimize irrigation schedules.
+===== 2. Critical Safety & Protection Sensors =====
+**Purpose:** Prevent equipment damage, flooding, dry-run pumps, and unsafe operating states.
+**Mandatory Measurements:**
+  * Tank levels: LOW and FULL float switches
+  * Flow meters on main and zoned pipelines
+  * Pressure sensors on pumps and main distribution lines
+  * Rainfall measurement for irrigation lockout
+**Safety Requirements:**
+  * These sensors **must directly enforce Field Controller fail-safes**
+  * Operation must be fully local and offline
+  * Loss or invalid data from these sensors must trigger safe shutdown or degraded mode
+===== 3. Primary Agronomic Control Sensors =====
+==== Soil Monitoring Sensors ====
+**Purpose:** Provide authoritative inputs for irrigation scheduling.
 **Required Measurements:**
-  - Soil moisture (volumetric water content) per zone
+  * Soil moisture (volumetric water content) per irrigation zone
-  - Soil temperature (optional but recommended)
-  - Electrical conductivity (optional; for salinity monitoring)
+**Optional but Recommended:**
+  * Soil temperature
+  * Electrical conductivity (salinity)
 **Placement Guidelines:**
-  - At least one sensor per irrigation zone
+  * At least one sensor per irrigation zone
-    - Multiple sensors for large or heterogeneous fields
+  * Additional sensors for heterogeneous fields
-  - Sensors should be placed at root depth appropriate to the crop type
+  * Placement at crop-appropriate root depth
-**Data Collection:**
+==== Weather Monitoring Sensors ====
-  - Sample at a frequency suitable for crop needs (typically 15–60 min)
-  - Data logged locally in Field Controller and synced with Farm/HQ controllers
-**Calibration & Maintenance:**
+**Purpose:** Modify irrigation behavior and enforce environmental lockouts.
-  - Sensors must be calibrated according to manufacturer recommendations
-  - Regular inspection to prevent soil compaction or damage
----
+**Required Measurements:**
+  * Rainfall
+  * Ambient temperature
+  * Relative humidity
-===== 3. Water Monitoring Sensors =====
+**Optional Measurements:**
+  * Wind speed
+  * Solar radiation / light intensity
-**Purpose:** Ensure safe and efficient water delivery.
+**Integration with AOFS:**
+  * Rainfall triggers irrigation suspension
+  * Weather data refines thresholds and scheduling
+===== 4. Power / Energy Monitoring =====
+**Purpose:** Protect electrical systems and support energy-aware operation.
 **Required Measurements:**
-  - Tank levels: FULL and LOW float switches
+  * Pump power consumption
-  - Flow meters on main and zoned pipelines
+  * Valve power consumption
-  - Pressure sensors for distribution lines
-  - Optional: rain gauges (tipping bucket) for weather lockouts
-**Placement Guidelines:**
+**Optional Measurements:**
-  - Tank sensors at critical fill/drain points
+  * Battery voltage and current
-  - Flow meters before distribution manifolds
+  * Solar panel output
-  - Pressure sensors after pumps and at main lines
-**Safety Requirements:**
+**Integration:**
-  - Water sensors must enforce Field Controller fail-safes (pump cutoff, overflow prevention)
+  * Low-voltage or overload conditions must trigger fail-safe behavior
-  - Must function independently of network connection
+  * Energy data may inform event prioritization and anomaly detection
----
+==== Grid Power Monitoring & Predictive Use ====
-===== 4. Power / Energy Sensors =====
+**Purpose:** Enable AOFS to safely use intermittent grid power and optimize energy costs.
-**Purpose:** Monitor energy consumption and optimize PUE (productive use of electricity).
+**Required Measurements (if grid is available):**
+  * Grid voltage, current, and frequency
+  * Short-term fluctuations and harmonics
+  * Availability signal (on/off)
+**Optional Measurements:**
+  * Historical grid availability patterns
+  * Probabilistic prediction of grid power for upcoming hours
+**Integration & Control Logic:**
+  * AOFS must only allow grid power usage if parameters are within safe thresholds
+  * Automatic relays and actuators must cut off grid supply immediately on overvoltage, under-voltage, or unsafe frequency
+  * Predictive patterns can inform decisions, e.g., delaying high-load pump operations until grid is likely available
+  * All local safety thresholds remain authoritative and override probabilistic logic
+===== 5. Water / Water Energy Monitoring =====
+**Purpose:** Monitor and optimize water supply sources, including grid water, local wells, and storage tanks.
 **Required Measurements:**
-  - DC battery voltage and current
+  * Tank LOW and FULL levels
-  - Pump energy consumption
+  * Flow rate in main and zoned pipelines
-  - Valve power usage
+  * Flow rate and pressure of grid water supply (if available)
-  - Optional: solar panel output monitoring
+  * Availability signal for grid water (on/off)
-**Placement Guidelines:**
+**Optional Measurements:**
-  - Measure energy at the main DC bus and key loads
+  * Historical grid water supply patterns
-  - Optional per-zone energy monitoring for detailed efficiency analysis
+  * Probability of grid water availability in next hours or days
+  * Water quality indicators (salinity, turbidity)
-**Integration:**
+**Integration & Control Logic:**
-  - Data feeds into Field Controller for fail-safe shutdowns on low voltage
+  * AOFS may delay pumping from wells if probability of grid water availability is high
-  - Logged for auditing and analytics
+  * Partial tank fill strategies: maintain mandatory minimum levels locally, avoid overfilling if grid water is likely
+  * Safety thresholds for tank levels must always be enforced, independent of probabilistic logic
+  * Logging of decisions, sensor readings, and probabilities is required for learning and optimization
----
+===== 6. Human Input / External Event Logging =====
-===== 5. Optical / Camera Monitoring Systems =====
+**Purpose:** Capture critical farm activities not measurable by sensors.
-**Purpose:** Supplement sensor data with visual field observations.
+AOFS treats human input as **first-class data**, equal to automated sensor measurements.
-**Use Cases:**
+**Examples of Loggable Events:**
-  - Crop growth monitoring
+  * Fertilizer application
-  - Pest or disease detection (optional, non-critical for irrigation)
+  * Manual irrigation or drainage
-  - Soil surface moisture and coverage assessment
+  * Pest or disease treatment
+  * Planting, pruning, or harvest activities
 **Requirements:**
-  - Cameras must be oriented for optimal coverage of zones
+  * All events must be timestamped
-  - Images or video must be timestamped and logged
+  * Events must be linked to a field or irrigation zone
-  - Data should integrate with Field Controller for automated or semi-automated analysis
+  * Operator identity must be recorded
+  * Full audit trail for edits or deletions is required
----
+===== 7. Optical / Camera Documentation Systems =====
-===== 6. Data Logging & Documentation =====
+**Purpose:** Provide visual documentation for review, auditing, and optional analysis.
-  - All sensor readings **must be logged locally** on the Field Controller
+**AOFS Scope:**
-  - Logs include timestamp, sensor ID, measured value, and status/quality flags
+  * Still images only
-  - Data must be synced with Farm Controller for aggregation and with HQ Controller for analytics
+  * No video streaming requirements
-  - Field workers may document crop growth, harvest outcomes, and environmental observations via **Field Survey Interfaces**, complementing automated measurements
+**Use Cases:**
+  * Crop development tracking
+  * Soil surface condition documentation
+  * Pest or disease observation
+**Requirements:**
+  * Images must be timestamped
+  * Camera ID and zone reference required
+  * Images stored locally on the Field Controller
+  * Optional synchronization with Farm and HQ Controllers
----
+AI-based image analysis is **explicitly optional** and must not interfere with core logging or manual review.
-===== 7. Calibration & Maintenance =====
+===== 8. Data Logging & Synchronization Rules =====
-  - All sensors **must be regularly calibrated** according to manufacturer specifications
+  * All sensor readings and human-input events **must be logged locally**
-  - Field inspections are required to prevent sensor drift, damage, or misplacement
+  * Logs must include:
-  - AOFS-compliant deployments **must maintain logs of calibration and maintenance events**
+    * Timestamp
+    * Source or sensor ID
+    * Measured value or event data
+    * Status or quality flags
+  * Synchronization follows AOFS federation rules
+  * Loss of connectivity must never result in data loss
+  * Grid power and water predictive measurements and decisions must be logged, including:
+    - Probability estimates for predictive logic
+    - Decisions made (pump on/off, fill levels)
+    - Outcome of the decisions for future optimization
----
+===== 9. Calibration & Maintenance =====
-===== 8. Compliance Notes =====
+  * All sensors must be calibrated according to manufacturer specifications
+  * AOFS deployments must log:
+    * Calibration events
+    * Maintenance actions
+    * Sensor replacements
+  * Calibration and maintenance logs are auditable and synchronized
-  - All AOFS deployments **must implement at minimum**:
+===== 10. Compliance Requirements =====
-    - Soil moisture per irrigation zone
-    - Tank LOW/FULL switches
-    - Flow meters and pressure sensors on all irrigation manifolds
-    - Power monitoring for pumps and valves
-  - Optional sensors (temperature, conductivity, cameras) are recommended for **advanced optimization**, but not mandatory
+Minimum mandatory implementation:
-  - All data must be **timestamped, logged locally, and synchronized** according to federation rules
+  * Soil moisture sensors per irrigation zone
+  * Tank LOW and FULL level sensors
+  * Flow meters and pressure sensors on irrigation systems
+  * Power monitoring for pumps and valves
+  * Rainfall measurement for irrigation lockout
----
+Optional sensors enhance optimization and research but **do not affect baseline compliance**.
-===== 9. References =====
+===== 11. References =====
-  - [[architecture:field_controller:start|Field Controller Layer]]
+  * [[architecture:field_controller:start|Field Controller Layer]]
-  - [[architecture:farm_controller:start|Farm Controller Layer (Local / Federated)]]
+  * [[architecture:farm_controller:start|Farm Controller Layer (Local / Federated)]]
-  - [[hydraulics|Hydraulic & Water Systems]]
+  * [[hydraulics:start|Hydraulic & Water Systems]]
-  - [[electrical|Electrical & Control Interfaces]]
+  * [[electrical:start|Electrical & Control Interfaces]]
-  - [[optical|Optical Monitoring (Cameras)]]

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