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Trace: • Afritic Open Water and Farming Standard (AOWFS) • 10 m Concrete Water Tower 5,000 L • System Architecture Overview
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sensors:start [2026/01/21 21:06] – created bsamuelsensors:start [2026/01/22 22:07] (current) – [5. Water / Water Energy Monitoring] bsamuel
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 ====== Measuring, Monitoring & Documentation Systems ====== ====== Measuring, Monitoring & Documentation Systems ======
  
-See overview: [[architecture:start|System Architecture Overview]]+The **Sensors Layer** defines all devices and documentation systems used by AOFS controllers to ensure **safe operation, authoritative control, and auditable farm management**.
  
-The **Sensors Layer** defines all devices and measurement systems used by AOFS controllers to monitor irrigation, energy usage, water distribution, and environmental conditions.   
 All AOFS-compliant deployments **must implement the sensors and documentation systems specified here**. All AOFS-compliant deployments **must implement the sensors and documentation systems specified here**.
  
-===== 1. Sensor Categories =====+===== 1. Sensor Layer Scope & Authority =====
  
-AOFS uses four main sensor categories:+AOFS sensors are classified by **operational authority**, not by technology type.
  
-  1. **Soil Monitoring Sensors**   +Sensor inputs fall into four functional roles:
-  2. **Water Monitoring Sensors**   +
-  3. **Power / Energy Sensors**   +
-  4. **Optical / Camera Monitoring Systems**  +
  
----+  * **Safety enforcement** (prevent damage or loss) 
 +  * **Authoritative control inputs** (drive irrigation decisions) 
 +  * **Documentation & audit** 
 +  * **Optimization & research**
  
-===== 2. Soil Monitoring Sensors =====+AOFS controllers **must never depend on remote systems** to interpret or validate sensor data.
  
-**Purpose:** Measure soil conditions to optimize irrigation schedules.  +===== 2. Critical Safety & Protection Sensors ===== 
 + 
 +**Purpose:** Prevent equipment damage, flooding, dry-run pumps, and unsafe operating states. 
 + 
 +**Mandatory Measurements:** 
 +  * Tank levels: LOW and FULL float switches 
 +  * Flow meters on main and zoned pipelines 
 +  * Pressure sensors on pumps and main distribution lines 
 +  * Rainfall measurement for irrigation lockout 
 + 
 +**Safety Requirements:** 
 +  * These sensors **must directly enforce Field Controller fail-safes** 
 +  * Operation must be fully local and offline 
 +  * Loss or invalid data from these sensors must trigger safe shutdown or degraded mode 
 + 
 +===== 3. Primary Agronomic Control Sensors ===== 
 + 
 +==== Soil Monitoring Sensors ==== 
 + 
 +**Purpose:** Provide authoritative inputs for irrigation scheduling.
  
 **Required Measurements:** **Required Measurements:**
-  * Soil moisture (volumetric water content) per zone   +  * Soil moisture (volumetric water content) per irrigation zone 
-  * Soil temperature (optional but recommended)   + 
-  * Electrical conductivity (optional; for salinity monitoring)  +**Optional but Recommended:** 
 +  * Soil temperature 
 +  * Electrical conductivity (salinity)
  
 **Placement Guidelines:** **Placement Guidelines:**
-  * At least one sensor per irrigation zone; multiple sensors for large or heterogeneous fields   +  * At least one sensor per irrigation zone 
-  * Sensors should be placed at root depth appropriate to the crop type  +  * Additional sensors for heterogeneous fields 
 +  * Placement at crop-appropriate root depth
  
-**Data Collection:** +==== Weather Monitoring Sensors ====
-  * Sample at a frequency suitable for crop needs (typically 15–60 min)   +
-  * Data logged locally in Field Controller and synced with Farm/HQ controllers  +
  
-**Calibration & Maintenance:** +**Purpose:** Modify irrigation behavior and enforce environmental lockouts.
-  * Sensors must be calibrated according to manufacturer recommendations   +
-  * Regular inspection to prevent soil compaction or damage  +
  
----+**Required Measurements:** 
 +  * Rainfall 
 +  * Ambient temperature 
 +  * Relative humidity
  
-===== 3. Water Monitoring Sensors =====+**Optional Measurements:** 
 +  * Wind speed 
 +  * Solar radiation / light intensity
  
-**Purpose:** Ensure safe and efficient water delivery.  +**Integration with AOFS:** 
 +  * Rainfall triggers irrigation suspension 
 +  * Weather data refines thresholds and scheduling 
 + 
 +===== 4. Power / Energy Monitoring ===== 
 + 
 +**Purpose:** Protect electrical systems and support energy-aware operation.
  
 **Required Measurements:** **Required Measurements:**
-  * Tank levels: FULL and LOW float switches   +  * Pump power consumption 
-  * Flow meters on main and zoned pipelines   +  * Valve power consumption
-  * Pressure sensors for distribution lines   +
-  * Optional: rain gauges (tipping bucket) for weather lockouts  +
  
-**Placement Guidelines:** +**Optional Measurements:** 
-  * Tank sensors at critical fill/drain points   +  * Battery voltage and current 
-  * Flow meters before distribution manifolds   +  * Solar panel output
-  * Pressure sensors after pumps and at main lines  +
  
-**Safety Requirements:** +**Integration:** 
-  * Water sensors must enforce Field Controller fail-safes (pump cutoff, overflow prevention)   +  * Low-voltage or overload conditions must trigger fail-safe behavior 
-  * Must function independently of network connection  +  * Energy data may inform event prioritization and anomaly detection
  
----+==== Grid Power Monitoring & Predictive Use ====
  
-===== 4. Power / Energy Sensors =====+**Purpose:** Enable AOFS to safely use intermittent grid power and optimize energy costs.
  
-**Purpose:** Monitor energy consumption and optimize PUE (productive use of electricity).  +**Required Measurements (if grid is available):** 
 +  * Grid voltage, current, and frequency 
 +  * Short-term fluctuations and harmonics 
 +  * Availability signal (on/off) 
 + 
 +**Optional Measurements:** 
 +  * Historical grid availability patterns 
 +  * Probabilistic prediction of grid power for upcoming hours 
 + 
 +**Integration & Control Logic:** 
 +  * AOFS must only allow grid power usage if parameters are within safe thresholds 
 +  * Automatic relays and actuators must cut off grid supply immediately on overvoltage, under-voltage, or unsafe frequency 
 +  * Predictive patterns can inform decisions, e.g., delaying high-load pump operations until grid is likely available 
 +  * All local safety thresholds remain authoritative and override probabilistic logic 
 + 
 +===== 5. Water / Water Energy Monitoring ===== 
 + 
 +**Purpose:** Monitor and optimize water supply sources, including grid water, local wells, and storage tanks.
  
 **Required Measurements:** **Required Measurements:**
-  * DC battery voltage and current   +  * Tank LOW and FULL levels 
-  * Pump energy consumption   +  * Flow rate in main and zoned pipelines 
-  * Valve power usage   +  * Flow rate and pressure of grid water supply (if available) 
-  * Optional: solar panel output monitoring  +  * Availability signal for grid water (on/off)
  
-**Placement Guidelines:** +**Optional Measurements:** 
-  * Measure energy at the main DC bus and key loads   +  * Historical grid water supply patterns 
-  * Optional per-zone energy monitoring for detailed efficiency analysis  +  * Probability of grid water availability in next hours or days 
 +  * Water quality indicators (salinity, turbidity)
  
-**Integration:** +**Integration & Control Logic:** 
-  * Data feeds into Field Controller for fail-safe shutdowns on low voltage   +  * AOFS may delay pumping from wells if probability of grid water availability is high 
-  * Logged for auditing and analytics  +  * Partial tank fill strategies: maintain mandatory minimum levels locally, avoid overfilling if grid water is likely 
 +  * Safety thresholds for tank levels must always be enforced, independent of probabilistic logic 
 +  * Logging of decisions, sensor readings, and probabilities is required for learning and optimization
  
----+===== 6. Human Input / External Event Logging =====
  
-===== 5. Optical / Camera Monitoring Systems =====+**Purpose:** Capture critical farm activities not measurable by sensors.
  
-**Purpose:** Supplement sensor data with visual field observations.  +AOFS treats human input as **first-class data**, equal to automated sensor measurements.
  
-**Use Cases:** +**Examples of Loggable Events:** 
-  * Crop growth monitoring   +  * Fertilizer application 
-  * Pest or disease detection (optional, non-critical for irrigation)   +  * Manual irrigation or drainage 
-  * Soil surface moisture and coverage assessment  +  * Pest or disease treatment 
 +  * Planting, pruning, or harvest activities
  
 **Requirements:** **Requirements:**
-  * Cameras must be oriented for optimal coverage of zones   +  * All events must be timestamped 
-  * Images or video must be timestamped and logged   +  * Events must be linked to a field or irrigation zone 
-  * Data should integrate with Field Controller for automated or semi-automated analysis  +  * Operator identity must be recorded 
 +  * Full audit trail for edits or deletions is required
  
----+===== 7. Optical / Camera Documentation Systems =====
  
-===== 6. Data Logging & Documentation =====+**Purpose:** Provide visual documentation for review, auditing, and optional analysis.
  
-* All sensor readings **must be logged locally** on the Field Controller.   +**AOFS Scope:** 
-* Logs include timestamp, sensor ID, measured value, and status/quality flags.   +  * Still images only 
-* Data must be synced with Farm Controller for aggregation and with HQ Controller for analytics.   +  * No video streaming requirements 
-* Field workers may document crop growth, harvest outcomes, and environmental observations via **Field Survey Interfaces**, complementing automated measurements.  + 
 +**Use Cases:** 
 +  * Crop development tracking 
 +  * Soil surface condition documentation 
 +  * Pest or disease observation 
 + 
 +**Requirements:** 
 +  * Images must be timestamped 
 +  * Camera ID and zone reference required 
 +  * Images stored locally on the Field Controller 
 +  * Optional synchronization with Farm and HQ Controllers
  
----+AI-based image analysis is **explicitly optional** and must not interfere with core logging or manual review.
  
-===== 7. Calibration & Maintenance =====+===== 8. Data Logging & Synchronization Rules =====
  
-* All sensors **must be regularly calibrated** according to manufacturer specifications.   +  * All sensor readings and human-input events **must be logged locally** 
-* Field inspections are required to prevent sensor drift, damage, or misplacement.   +  * Logs must include: 
-* AOFS-compliant deployments **must maintain logs of calibration and maintenance events**.+    * Timestamp 
 +    * Source or sensor ID 
 +    * Measured value or event data 
 +    * Status or quality flags 
 +  * Synchronization follows AOFS federation rules 
 +  * Loss of connectivity must never result in data loss 
 +  * Grid power and water predictive measurements and decisions must be logged, including: 
 +    - Probability estimates for predictive logic 
 +    - Decisions made (pump on/off, fill levels) 
 +    - Outcome of the decisions for future optimization
  
----+===== 9. Calibration & Maintenance =====
  
-===== 8. Compliance Notes =====+  * All sensors must be calibrated according to manufacturer specifications 
 +  * AOFS deployments must log: 
 +    * Calibration events 
 +    * Maintenance actions 
 +    * Sensor replacements 
 +  * Calibration and maintenance logs are auditable and synchronized
  
-* All AOFS deployments **must implement at minimum**:   +===== 10. Compliance Requirements =====
-  - Soil moisture per irrigation zone   +
-  - Tank LOW/FULL switches   +
-  - Flow meters and pressure sensors on all irrigation manifolds   +
-  - Power monitoring for pumps and valves  +
  
-* Optional sensors (temperature, conductivity, cameras) are recommended for **advanced optimization**, but not mandatory.  +Minimum mandatory implementation:
  
-* All data must be **timestamped, logged locally, and synchronized** according to federation rules.  +  * Soil moisture sensors per irrigation zone 
 +  * Tank LOW and FULL level sensors 
 +  * Flow meters and pressure sensors on irrigation systems 
 +  * Power monitoring for pumps and valves 
 +  * Rainfall measurement for irrigation lockout
  
----+Optional sensors enhance optimization and research but **do not affect baseline compliance**.
  
-===== 9. References =====+===== 11. References =====
  
-* [[architecture:field_controller:start|Field Controller Layer]]   +  * [[architecture:field_controller:start|Field Controller Layer]] 
-* [[architecture:farm_controller:start|Farm Controller Layer (Local / Federated)]]   +  * [[architecture:farm_controller:start|Farm Controller Layer (Local / Federated)]] 
-* [[hydraulics|Hydraulic & Water Systems]]   +  * [[hydraulics:start|Hydraulic & Water Systems]] 
-* [[electrical|Electrical & Control Interfaces]]   +  * [[electrical:start|Electrical & Control Interfaces]]
-* [[optical|Optical Monitoring (Cameras)]]+
  
sensors/start.1769029576.txt.gz · Last modified: by bsamuel

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